![]() ![]() and Krumbein A., “ RANS Simulation and Experiments on the Stall Behaviour of a Tailplane Airfoil,” New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics V, edited by Rath H.-J. Weinman K., “ NACA0012 Beyond Stall,” FLOMANIA – A European Initiative on Flow Physics Modelling, edited by Haase W. and Murayama M., “ Summary of the Fourth AIAA CFD Drag Prediction Workshop,” 28th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference, AIAA Paper 2010-4547, June–July 2010. ![]() and Radespiel R., “ A Comparison of Detached-Eddy Simulation and Reynolds-Stress Modelling Applied to the Flow over a Backward-Facing Step and an Airfoil at Stall,” 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, AIAA Paper 2010-0920, 2010. D., “ Direct Numerical Simulation and Large-Eddy Simulations of the Turbulent Flow Around a NACA0012 Airfoil,” 7th International Conference on Computational Heat and Mass Transfer (ICCHMT 2011), Istanbul, Turkey, July 2011, Paper 409. and Travin A., “ NACA0021 at 60 deg Incidence,” DESider – A European Effort on Hybrid RANS-LES Modelling, edited by Haase W. doi: JAIRAM 0021-8669 Link Google Scholar and Qin N., “ Behavior of Detached-Eddy Simulations for Mild Airfoil Trailing-Edge Separation,” Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 48, No. 1, 2011, pp. 193–202. Deck S., “ Three-Element Airfoil,” DESider – A European Effort on Hybrid RANS-LES Modelling, edited by Haase W. doi: AIAJAH 0001-1452 Link Google Scholar Deck S., “ Zonal Detached Eddy Simulation of the Flow Around a High-Lift Configuration,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 43, No 11, Nov 2005, pp. 2372–2384. and Schröder W., “ Unsteady Transonic Flow over a Transport-Type Swept Wing,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 50, No. 2, Feb. 2012, pp. 399–415. and Krämer E., “ Transonic Tail Buffet Simulations on the ATRA Research Aircraft,” Computational Flight Testing Results of the Closing Symposium of the German Research Initiative ComFliTe, edited by Kroll N. and Krämer E., “ Transonic Tail Buffet Simulations for the Common Research Model,” 31st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference, AIAA Paper 2013-2510, June 2013. and Dandois J., “ Control of Buffet Phenomenon on a Transonic Swept Wing,” 40th Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit, AIAA Paper 2010-4595, 2010. In the present paper, the numerical results are discussed and compared to the experiments and first evaluations of the particle image velocimetry data are presented. For selected high- and low-speed stall conditions, hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes/large-eddy simulations were performed. In the time-resolved particle image velocimetry measurements, both low-speed stall ( M ∞ = 0.25, R e = 11.6 / 17 m i l l i o n ) and high-speed stall conditions ( M ∞ = 0.85, R e = 19.8 / 30 m i l l i o n ) were considered and the frequency resolution was as high as 1 kHz, enabling a sufficient characterization of the turbulent wake spectrum. In the European Strategic Wind Tunnels Improved Research Potential project, time-resolved particle image velocimetry measurements on the separated wake of the NASA Common Research Model were performed in the cryogenic European Transonic Windtunnel for flight Reynolds number conditions supplemented by aerodynamic measurements for a great variety of inflow conditions. The development of the unsteady wake of transport aircraft under stall conditions and its impact on the empennage are challenging to predict, and the flow physics is far from being understood. ![]()
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